Luleå University Of Technology

A system of universities developed and spread scientific concepts and practices, including Oxford and Cambridge. Archaeologists estimate that the wheel was invented independently and concurrently in Mesopotamia (in present-day Iraq), the Northern Caucasus , and Central Europe. Time estimates range from 5,500 to 3,000 BCE with most specialists putting it nearer to 4,000 BCE. The oldest artifacts with drawings depicting wheeled carts date from about 3,500 BCE.

The first wheel was found in historical Mesopotamia, and is assumed to be used as a potter’s wheel to throw clay pots. Ancient Egypt and India noticed the invention of the shaduf, a hand-operated lever and fulcrum used to raise water to irrigate crops. Ancient Greek thinker Archimedes was the first to report easy machines, including pulleys, levers, and inclined planes, all used as machines to minimize the work wanted to perform a task. During the Industrial Revolution, mechanical rules were used in …